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SINDOB
STJ define critérios para uso de sentença homologatória trabalhista como prova
STJ define critérios para uso de sentença homologatória trabalhista como prova
A sentença trabalhista homologatória de acordo somente será considerada início válido de prova material, para os fins do artigo 55, parágrafo 3º, da Lei 8.203/1991, quando estiver baseada em elementos probatórios contemporâneos aos fatos alegados, aptos a evidenciar o exercício da atividade laboral, o trabalho desempenhado e o período que se pretende ter reconhecido em ação previdenciária.
Essa tese foi fixada pela 1ª Seção do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, por maioria de votos, em pedido de uniformização de interpretação de lei (Puil) apresentado pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) contra acórdão da Turma Nacional de Uniformização dos Juizados Especiais Federais (TNU). Segundo a autarquia, a TNU admitiu como início de prova material anotação em carteira de trabalho decorrente de sentença trabalhista baseada exclusivamente em prova oral, sem a apresentação de qualquer outro documento da função que a parte alegou ter exercido.
No voto que prevaleceu no julgamento, a ministra Assusete Magalhães lembrou que, nos termos do artigo 55, parágrafo 3º, da Lei 8.213/1991, a comprovação do tempo de serviço para os efeitos legais, inclusive por meio de justificação administrativa ou judicial, só produz efeito quando baseada em indício de prova material contemporânea dos fatos, não sendo admitida prova exclusivamente testemunhal, exceto na hipótese de caso fortuito ou força maior.
Segundo a ministra, os colegiados de Direito Público do STJ possuem jurisprudência no sentido de que, não havendo instrução probatória ou exame de mérito da demanda trabalhista — os quais poderiam demonstrar a atividade profissional desempenhada e o período correspondente —, não haverá início válido de prova material.
"Nessas hipóteses, a sentença trabalhista meramente homologatória do acordo não constitui início válido de prova material, apto à comprovação do tempo de serviço, na forma do artigo 55, parágrafo 3º, da Lei 8.213/1991, uma vez que, na prática, equivale à homologação de declaração das partes, reduzida a termo", argumentou a magistrada.
Ainda de acordo com Assusete Magalhães, a jurisprudência do STJ considera que, embora não seja exigível que o documento apresentado como início de prova material abarque todo o período discutido no processo, é indispensável a contemporaneidade entre o documento e os fatos alegados — devendo, portanto, corresponder pelo menos a uma fração do período alegado, em conjunto com prova testemunhal robusta e idônea.
A ministra também destacou entendimentos do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho de que o valor probatório das anotações em carteira profissional de empregado não é absoluto, tendo os registros presunção relativa de veracidade.
"Ainda que fosse possível admitir a sentença trabalhista meramente homologatória de acordo como início de prova material, na forma exigida pelo artigo 55, parágrafo 3º, da Lei 8.213/1991 — mesmo desacompanhada ela de outros elementos probatórios do tempo de serviço, inclusive de início de prova material —, persistiria o óbice da ausência de contemporaneidade, porquanto a sentença, em regra, é posterior ao período que o segurado pretende comprovar na ação previdenciária."
No caso concreto analisado pelo colegiado, Assusete Magalhães concluiu que a TNU, ao manter pensão com base em sentença trabalhista meramente homologatória de acordo, divergiu do entendimento estabelecido pela seção. Como consequência, o colegiado determinou a devolução dos autos à TNU para a reanálise do caso com base na tese fixada. Com informações da assessoria de imprensa do STJ.
